Cloud Native Social Media Platform Architecture Blueprint
Complete Architecture Overview
This Cloud Native Social Media Platform Architecture Blueprint outlines a scalable, secure, and observable cloud-native platform designed for social media applications. It supports features like media sharing, user feeds, messaging, notifications, and real-time interactions. The architecture leverages microservices hosted on a container orchestration platform with containers, orchestrated through a service mesh using sidecar proxies for resilient service-to-service communication. A CDN and API gateway, protected by a web application firewall, handle client access, while object storage, NoSQL database, relational database, and in-memory cache manage media, user data, posts, and caching. Observability is ensured via monitoring, distributed tracing, and audit logging, with security enforced through identity management, network isolation, and encryption service. The architecture is designed for high availability, low-latency interactions, and global scalability.
Architecture Principles
1. Layered Isolation
- Presentation: CDN, Web/Mobile Apps
- Edge: WAF, API Gateway, Load Balancer
- Compute: Containerized microservices for post processing, messaging, and notifications
- Data: Object Storage for media, NoSQL for posts, Relational DB for users, In-Memory Cache for feeds
- Observability: Monitoring, Tracing, Audit Logging
2. Service Communication
- Service Mesh for service routing
- Sidecar proxies for mTLS
- Retries and circuit breaking
- Service discovery integration
3. Security & Compliance
- Identity management with least-privilege policies
- Network isolation with private subnets
- Encryption for data at rest
- WAF for web protection
Key Performance Metrics
| Component | Target SLA | Latency | Throughput |
|---|---|---|---|
| API Gateway | 99.95% | <50ms | 15,000 RPS |
| Container Cluster | 99.9% | <100ms | 10,000 RPS |
| In-Memory Cache | 99.99% | <5ms | 30,000 QPS |
| Object Storage | 99.99% | <100ms | 5,000 PUT/7,500 GET |
1. Client Access Architecture
This diagram illustrates the client-side architecture, where Web Apps (React) and Mobile Apps (iOS/SwiftUI, Android/Kotlin) interact with the platform via a CDN and API Gateway. The CDN serves as a global content delivery network, caching media (images, videos) and static assets in object storage and executing edge logic with serverless functions for request normalization. Web apps leverage the CDN for low-latency delivery of feeds and media, while mobile apps connect directly to the API Gateway for dynamic APIs like post creation, messaging, and notifications. This layer connects to the API Gateway Architecture (Diagram 2).
Key Features
Performance Optimization
- CDN caching (TTL 1yr for static assets)
- Adaptive bitrate streaming for media
- Code splitting in React
- Progressive Web App support
Security
- CSP headers for XSS protection
- JWT in HttpOnly cookies
- Certificate pinning (mobile)
- WAF rules for bot protection
// Sample React API Client for Social Media Platform
const apiClient = axios.create({
baseURL: process.env.API_URL,
timeout: 5000,
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
});
apiClient.interceptors.response.use(null, (error) => {
if (error.config && error.response && error.response.status >= 500) {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => resolve(apiClient(error.config)), 1000);
});
}
return Promise.reject(error);
});
export const fetchFeed = (userId) =>
apiClient.get(`/feed/${userId}`, {
headers: {
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=60, stale-while-revalidate=3600'
}
});
export const createPost = (postData) =>
apiClient.post('/posts', postData, {
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
}
});
export const sendMessage = (chatId, message) =>
apiClient.post(`/messages/${chatId}`, { message });
2. API Gateway Architecture
This diagram details the API Gateway layer, which serves as the secure entry point for client requests from the Client Access Architecture (Diagram 1). It integrates with an authorizer function for JWT validation using a user authentication service and an encryption service for secure key management. The gateway routes requests to the Compute Layer (Diagram 3) and is protected by WAF rules to block malicious traffic, such as SQL injection and DDoS attacks.
Gateway Configuration
| Endpoint | Throttling | Cache TTL | Auth |
|---|---|---|---|
| /api/v1/feed | 1500 RPS | 60s | Optional |
| /api/v1/posts | 1000 RPS | 0s | Required |
| /api/v1/messages | 2000 RPS | 0s | Required |
# Example API Gateway Configuration (Pseudo-Code)
api_gateway:
name: social-platform-api
description: API Gateway for Social Media Platform
endpoint_configuration:
type: REGIONAL
authorizer:
name: jwt-authorizer
type: TOKEN
identity_source: method.request.header.Authorization
handler: authorizer_function
waf:
rules:
- block_sql_injection
- block_ddos
- block_bad_bots
3. Compute Layer Architecture
This diagram focuses on the Compute Layer, which hosts microservices on a container orchestration platform with containers. Requests are routed from the API Gateway (Diagram 2) via a load balancer to the cluster. Microservices, such as post processing, messaging, and notification services, are auto-scaled based on demand, and a service mesh (Diagram 4) manages service-to-service communication. This layer interacts with the Data Storage (Diagram 5) and Observability/Security (Diagram 6) layers.
Container Task Definition
# Example Container Task Definition (Pseudo-Code)
task_definition:
family: post-processing
network_mode: vpc
containers:
- name: post-app
image: post-processing:1.0
ports:
- container_port: 8080
protocol: tcp
essential: true
logging:
driver: cloud_logging
options:
group: /container/post-processing
region: us-west-2
stream_prefix: app
- name: proxy
image: service-mesh-proxy:latest
essential: true
environment:
- name: MESH_RESOURCE_NAME
value: post-processing
user: non-root
logging:
driver: cloud_logging
options:
group: /container/post-processing
region: us-west-2
stream_prefix: proxy
compatibility: serverless
cpu: 1024
memory: 2048
execution_role: arn:iam::123456789012:role/taskExecutionRole
task_role: arn:iam::123456789012:role/taskRole
4. Service Mesh Architecture
This diagram details the Service Mesh layer, which uses a service mesh with sidecar proxies to manage service-to-service communication within the Compute Layer (Diagram 3). It supports mTLS, retries, and circuit breaking for resilience and connects to the Data Storage (Diagram 5) and Observability/Security (Diagram 6) layers.
Service Mesh Configuration
# Example Service Mesh Configuration (Pseudo-Code)
service_mesh:
name: social-platform-mesh
egress_filter: ALLOW_ALL
virtual_nodes:
- name: post-processing
service_discovery:
dns:
hostname: post-processing.default.svc.cluster.local
listeners:
- port: 8080
protocol: http
backends:
- virtual_service: messaging.default.svc.cluster.local
- virtual_service: notification.default.svc.cluster.local
- name: messaging
service_discovery:
dns:
hostname: messaging.default.svc.cluster.local
listeners:
- port: 8080
protocol: http
- name: notification
service_discovery:
dns:
hostname: notification.default.svc.cluster.local
listeners:
- port: 8080
protocol: http
virtual_router:
name: messaging-router
listeners:
- port: 8080
protocol: http
route:
name: messaging-route
http_route:
match:
prefix: /
action:
weighted_targets:
- virtual_node: messaging
weight: 100
retry_policy:
max_retries: 3
per_retry_timeout:
unit: ms
value: 2000
http_retry_events:
- server-error
5. Data Storage Architecture
This diagram focuses on the Data Storage layer, which includes object storage for media (images, videos), NoSQL database for posts and metadata, relational database for user data, and in-memory cache for caching feeds and user sessions. The Compute Layer (Diagram 3) interacts with this layer for data persistence and low-latency access, with encryption managed by an encryption service.
Data Model
-- Relational DB Schema (SQL)
CREATE TABLE users (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
updated_at TIMESTAMP
);
CREATE TABLE relationships (
follower_id UUID REFERENCES users(id),
followed_id UUID REFERENCES users(id),
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (follower_id, followed_id)
);
-- NoSQL DB Schema (Pseudo-Code)
table:
name: Posts
key_schema:
- attribute_name: post_id
key_type: HASH
- attribute_name: metadata_type
key_type: RANGE
secondary_indexes:
- index_name: UserPostsIndex
key_schema:
- attribute_name: user_id
key_type: HASH
projection:
type: INCLUDE
non_key_attributes:
- content
- created_at
Cache Strategy
Read-Through Cache
- Cache hit: 5ms response
- Cache miss: 50ms (DB + warm cache)
- TTL: 5 minutes (user feeds)
- TTL: 1 hour (user profiles)
Invalidation Triggers
- New posts or comments
- User profile updates
- Scheduled refreshes
- Relationship changes
6. Observability and Security Architecture
This diagram details the Observability and Security layer, which includes monitoring for metrics and logs, distributed tracing for tracing, and audit logging for auditing. Security is enforced with identity management, network isolation, and an encryption service. The Compute Layer (Diagram 3) integrates with this layer for monitoring and compliance.
Monitoring Configuration
# Example Monitoring Configuration (Pseudo-Code)
monitoring:
alarm:
name: HighCPUUsage
description: Triggers when container CPU usage exceeds 80%
metric_name: CPUUtilization
namespace: ContainerService
statistic: Average
period: 300
evaluation_periods: 2
threshold: 80
comparison_operator: GreaterThanThreshold
dimensions:
- name: ClusterName
value: SocialPlatformCluster
alarm_actions:
- notification_topic
notification:
topic:
name: SocialPlatformAlerts
Security Controls
Access Control
- Identity management with least-privilege policies
- Role-based access control
- Service-linked roles
- Session management
Network Security
- Private subnets
- Security groups
- Network ACLs
- WAF rules
