Debugging & Testing MCUs

1. Introduction

This lesson covers essential techniques for debugging and testing Microcontrollers (MCUs) in robotics and embedded systems. Debugging is crucial for identifying and fixing errors in embedded software, while testing ensures that systems meet their specifications and perform as expected.

2. Key Concepts

Microcontroller (MCU): A compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system.
Debugging: The process of finding and resolving defects or problems within the software.
Testing: The process of executing a program or system to determine whether it meets specified requirements.

3. Debugging Techniques

Debugging can be approached through several techniques:

Print Debugging: Inserting print statements in code to track variable values and program flow.

Breakpoint Debugging: Using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to set breakpoints and inspect state.

Binary Search Debugging: Isolating faulty code by systematically narrowing down sections of code.

Note: Use a combination of techniques for effective debugging.

4. Testing Strategies

Effective testing strategies include:

Unit Testing: Testing individual components for correct behavior.
Integration Testing: Testing the interaction between integrated components.
System Testing: Testing the complete system for compliance with requirements.

Tip: Automate testing where possible to save time and increase reliability.

5. Best Practices

Follow these best practices for debugging and testing MCUs:

Write clean, modular code to simplify debugging.
Use version control to track changes and revert to previous states if necessary.
Document the debugging and testing process for future reference.

6. FAQ

What tools can I use for debugging?

Common tools include IDEs like Eclipse, Visual Studio, and platform-specific tools like MPLAB for PIC microcontrollers.

How do I know if my MCU is running correctly?

Use debugging techniques to check variable states and program flow. Unit testing can also help ensure individual components function as expected.

What is the difference between debugging and testing?

Debugging focuses on identifying and fixing errors in the software, while testing verifies that the system meets its specified requirements.

Flowchart: Debugging Process


    graph TD;
        A[Start] --> B{Is there an error?};
        B -- Yes --> C[Identify error location];
        C --> D[Use debugging techniques];
        D --> E{Is the error fixed?};
        E -- Yes --> F[Continue to next step];
        E -- No --> C;
        B -- No --> F;
        F --> G[End];