Python Syntax and Basics

1. Introduction

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its easy-to-read syntax and versatility. This lesson covers the fundamental syntax and basic concepts necessary for beginners.

2. Basic Syntax

Python syntax refers to the set of rules that define how a Python program is written and interpreted. Here are some key points:

• Python is case-sensitive.
• Indentation is crucial; it defines the scope of loops, functions, and conditionals.
• Lines of code are typically executed sequentially.

Example of printing a message:

print("Hello, World!")

3. Data Types

Python has several built-in data types:

• Integers: Whole numbers (e.g., 5, -10)
• Floats: Decimal numbers (e.g., 5.5, -10.0)
• Strings: Text (e.g., "Hello")
• Booleans: True or False values

4. Variables

Variables are used to store data. A variable is created using the assignment operator `=`:

x = 10
name = "Alice"
is_student = True

Variable names must start with a letter or underscore and can contain letters, digits, and underscores.

5. Control Structures

Control structures govern the flow of execution in a program. The main types are:

• If statements: Allow conditional execution.
• For loops: Iterate over a sequence.
• While loops: Execute as long as a condition is true.

Example of an if statement:

age = 18
if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult.")

6. Functions

Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task. They are defined using the `def` keyword:

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

To call a function, simply use its name followed by parentheses:

print(greet("Alice"))

7. Best Practices

When writing Python code, consider the following best practices:

• Use meaningful variable names.
• Follow PEP 8 style guidelines for formatting.
• Write comments to explain complex logic.

8. FAQ