Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) - OWASP Top 10

1. Introduction

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a security mechanism that requires more than one form of verification to grant access to a system or application. It significantly enhances security by adding layers of protection beyond just a username and password.

2. Key Concepts

• Something You Know: This is typically a password or PIN.
• Something You Have: This could be a smartphone app, hardware token, or SMS code.
• Something You Are: This includes biometrics like fingerprints or facial recognition.

3. MFA Process

The typical MFA process involves the following steps:

graph TD;
    A[User attempts to access a resource] --> B[System requests identification];
    B --> C[User submits username and password];
    C --> D{Is the password correct?};
    D -->|Yes| E[System triggers second factor];
    D -->|No| F[Access denied];
    E --> G[User provides second factor];
    G --> H{Is the second factor valid?};
    H -->|Yes| I[Access granted];
    H -->|No| F;
            

4. Best Practices

1. Implement MFA for all critical systems and applications.
2. Educate users about phishing and social engineering attacks.
3. Regularly review and update MFA methods to ensure security.
4. Use time-based one-time passwords (TOTPs) for optimal security.
5. Ensure backup options are in place for account recovery.