Swift Programming Basics

1. Introduction

Swift is a powerful and intuitive programming language developed by Apple for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS app development. This lesson covers the basic concepts needed to get started with Swift programming.

2. Variables and Constants

In Swift, variables and constants are used to store data. You declare a variable using the var keyword and a constant using the let keyword.

let pi = 3.14
var radius = 5.0

3. Data Types

Swift includes several basic data types:

• Int: Integer values
• Double: Floating-point values
• String: Textual data
• Bool: Boolean values (true or false)

var name: String = "Swift"
var age: Int = 10
var isSwiftFun: Bool = true

4. Control Flow

Control flow statements allow you to control the execution of your code:

1. If Statements: Execute code based on a condition.
2. Switch Statements: Choose between multiple options.
3. For Loops: Iterate over a sequence.
4. While Loops: Repeat a block of code while a condition is true.

let score = 85
if score >= 90 {
    print("Grade: A")
} else if score >= 80 {
    print("Grade: B")
} else {
    print("Grade: C")
}

5. Functions

Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. You define a function using the func keyword:

func greet(name: String) -> String {
    return "Hello, \(name)!"
}

6. Best Practices

Follow these best practices for writing Swift code:

• Use descriptive variable names.
• Comment your code for clarity.
• Keep functions small and focused.
• Use optionals to handle null values safely.

7. FAQ