Security in CI/CD Pipelines

1. Introduction

Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines are crucial for modern DevOps practices. However, without proper security measures, these pipelines can become a target for various attacks. This lesson focuses on securing CI/CD pipelines in a Kubernetes environment.

2. Key Concepts

3. Threat Modeling

Understanding potential threats is essential for securing your CI/CD pipeline.

        graph TD;
            A[User] -->|Commits Code| B[CI/CD Pipeline]
            B --> C[Build Stage]
            C --> D[Test Stage]
            D --> E[Deploy Stage]
            E --> F[Kubernetes Cluster]
            F -->|Attacks| G[Monitor & Audit]
        

4. Best Practices

1. Use kubectl RBAC to manage access to the Kubernetes API.
2. Implement image scanning for vulnerabilities before deployment.
3. Employ secrets management tools like HashiCorp Vault or Kubernetes Secrets.
4. Enforce network policies to limit pod communication.
5. Regularly audit and monitor logs for suspicious activity.

4.1 Example of Image Scanning

            # Using Trivy to scan a Docker image
            trivy image --severity HIGH,CRITICAL myapp:latest
            

4.2 Example of RBAC Configuration

            apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
            kind: Role
            metadata:
              namespace: mynamespace
              name: example-role
            rules:
              - apiGroups: [""]
                resources: ["pods"]
                verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
            

5. FAQ