Kubernetes Orchestration Fundamentals

1. Introduction

Kubernetes is an open-source platform designed to automate deploying, scaling, and operating application containers. This lesson covers the fundamentals of Kubernetes orchestration and its role in Infrastructure as Code (IaC).

2. Key Concepts

Key Definitions

Container: A lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to run an application.
Pod: The smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes, which can contain one or more containers.
Service: A stable endpoint that abstracts access to a set of Pods.
Deployment: A resource that provides declarative updates to Pods and ReplicaSets.

Note: Kubernetes orchestrates containers across clusters, ensuring high availability and scaling.

3. Installation

To get started with Kubernetes, you can install it locally using Minikube or use a managed service like Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE).

Example: Installing Minikube

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64
sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube
minikube start

4. Configuration Management

Kubernetes uses YAML files for configuration management, allowing you to define the desired state of your application.

Example: Pod Configuration

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp-container
    image: myapp:latest
    ports:
    - containerPort: 8080

5. Best Practices

Use declarative configuration files.
Implement proper resource requests and limits.
Regularly update and patch your Kubernetes version.
Monitor your clusters and applications.
Utilize namespaces for environment separation.

6. FAQ

What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

What are Pods in Kubernetes?

Pods are the smallest deployable units in Kubernetes and can contain one or more containers that share storage and network resources.

How does Kubernetes ensure high availability?

Kubernetes ensures high availability by managing the deployment of applications across multiple nodes and automatically restarting containers that fail.