Malware Analysis Basics

1. Introduction

Malware analysis is the process of examining malicious software to understand its behavior, characteristics, and impact. The goal is to defend against malware attacks effectively.

2. Types of Malware

Viruses
Worms
Trojans
Ransomware
Spyware
Adware
Rootkits

3. Analysis Methods

There are two primary methods for malware analysis: Static and Dynamic analysis.

3.1 Static Analysis

This method involves examining the malware without executing it. It includes:

File Inspection: Analyzing the file type, size, and structure.
Hex Dump Analysis: Examining the binary code using hex editors.
String Analysis: Searching for readable strings within the binary.
PE Header Analysis: Inspecting Portable Executable (PE) headers for metadata.

Code Example: Extracting Strings

strings malware.exe

3.2 Dynamic Analysis

This method involves executing the malware in a controlled environment to observe its behavior.

Sandboxing: Running the malware in an isolated environment.
Network Analysis: Monitoring network traffic for malicious activities.
Behavioral Analysis: Observing file changes, registry modifications, and system calls.

Code Example: Monitoring Network Traffic

tcpdump -i eth0 -w output.pcap

4. Best Practices

Follow these best practices for effective malware analysis:

Always use a secure, isolated environment for testing.
Keep your analysis tools updated.
Document your analysis process and findings.
Use a variety of tools for comprehensive analysis.

Important: Never execute untrusted malware on your main system.

5. FAQ

What tools are commonly used for malware analysis?

Common tools include IDA Pro, Ghidra, OllyDbg, and Wireshark.

Is malware analysis legal?

Malware analysis is legal when performed on malware samples you own or in a controlled environment.

What is the difference between malware and a virus?

A virus is a type of malware that attaches itself to legitimate programs. Malware is a broader term that includes viruses, worms, and other malicious software.