Runner Security in GitHub Actions
1. Introduction
GitHub Actions provides a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) platform that allows you to automate your build, test, and deployment pipeline. Runner security is crucial for ensuring that the workflows executed by these runners are secure and do not expose sensitive information.
2. Key Concepts
2.1 What is a Runner?
A runner is a server that runs your GitHub Actions workflows. GitHub provides hosted runners, or you can set up your own self-hosted runners.
2.2 Types of Runners
- Hosted Runners: Managed by GitHub.
- Self-Hosted Runners: Managed by you, on your own infrastructure.
3. Security Features
3.1 Workflow Permissions
Control what your workflows can access by configuring permissions. By default, workflows have read access to the repository.
3.2 Secrets Management
Store sensitive data, such as API keys or tokens, in GitHub Secrets. These secrets are encrypted and only accessible during workflow execution.
3.3 Environment Protection Rules
Configure rules for deployment environments to restrict access to specific workflows or branches.
3.4 Logging and Auditing
GitHub provides logs for all actions taken in workflows, allowing you to audit access and changes.
4. Best Practices
4.1 Limit Runner Permissions
Always define the minimum permissions required for your workflows to operate.
4.2 Use Environment Secrets
Utilize secrets for sensitive data and avoid hardcoding them in your workflows.
4.3 Regularly Audit Logs
Review workflow logs periodically to ensure no unauthorized access has occurred.
4.4 Keep Runners Updated
If using self-hosted runners, ensure they are regularly updated to mitigate vulnerabilities.
5. FAQ
Q1: What are GitHub Secrets?
A: GitHub Secrets are encrypted environment variables that you can use in your workflows to store sensitive information securely.
Q2: How do I use a self-hosted runner?
A: You can set up a self-hosted runner by following the instructions in the GitHub documentation for adding a runner for your repository or organization.
Q3: Can I restrict access to certain branches?
A: Yes, you can set up environment protection rules to restrict workflows that run on specific branches.