Normalization and Data Modeling

Introduction

Normalization is a process in database design that organizes data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. It involves decomposing a database into smaller, related tables without losing data integrity. Data modeling is the process of creating a data model to visually represent the structure and relationships of data within a database.

Normalization

What is Normalization?

Normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms. The purpose is to free the database from unwanted characteristics like insertion, update, and deletion anomalies.

Normal Forms

There are several normal forms, but the most commonly used are:

Normalization Process

The normalization process can be visualized in a flowchart:

graph TD;
    A[Start] --> B[Identify the Data];
    B --> C[Define the Primary Key];
    C --> D[Apply 1NF];
    D --> E[Apply 2NF];
    E --> F[Apply 3NF];
    F --> G[Review and Optimize];
    G --> H[End];
            

Data Modeling

Data modeling is the process of creating a visual representation of a data system. It helps to define data elements and their relationships for a specific business process. A well-designed data model helps to ensure data integrity and provides a clear framework for database implementation.

Types of Data Models

Example of a Data Model

Table: Customers
- CustomerID (Primary Key)
- Name
- Email

Table: Orders
- OrderID (Primary Key)
- OrderDate
- CustomerID (Foreign Key referencing Customers)
                

Best Practices

When normalizing and modeling data, keep the following best practices in mind:

FAQ