Introduction to Cybersecurity

What is Cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. These cyberattacks typically aim to access, change, or destroy sensitive information; extort money from users; or disrupt normal business processes.

Importance of Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is essential because it safeguards all categories of data from theft and damage. This includes sensitive data such as personal health information, personally identifiable information (PII), intellectual property, and government and industry information systems.

Types of Cybersecurity Threats

• Malware: Malicious software designed to harm or exploit any programmable device, service, or network.
• Phishing: A method of trying to gather personal information using deceptive e-mails and websites.
• Ransomware: A type of malware that locks users out of their data or systems until a ransom is paid.
• Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: Attacks that flood a network with traffic to disrupt services.
• Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: When attackers secretly intercept and relay messages between two parties.

Best Practices

1. Use strong, unique passwords for different accounts.
2. Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) wherever possible.
3. Keep software and systems updated to the latest versions.
4. Educate employees on cybersecurity awareness and phishing tactics.
5. Regularly back up data and store it securely.

Flowchart of Cybersecurity Steps

            graph TD;
                A[Identify Assets] --> B[Assess Risks];
                B --> C[Implement Security Controls];
                C --> D[Monitor and Review];
                D --> E[Respond to Incidents];
                E --> B;